Adding Perennials to Your Vegetable Garden

When planning our gardens we often think of annual food crops. Plants like peppers, tomatoes, cabbages, and sweet corn come to mind first and are the powerhouses of most backyard gardens. However perennials are an excellent addition to any garden. There’s a lot more to perennials than just their longer lifespan.

Why Grow Perennials

You can increase your food production.

Perennials can increase the amount of food you produce and therefore decrease your environmental impact. They’re often some of the first foods up in the garden and sometimes the longest producing. Plants like rhubarb, chives, and salad burnet will help fill your plates with local food when most of your annuals are still just tender seedlings.

They require less work.

Growing more perennials means less time spent starting plants each year. Just keep the weeds back, provide basic care, and enjoy your harvest.

Many perennials require less water.

As they grow for more than just one season they are generally able to develop deeper, more extensive root systems than annuals so they’ll need less careful watering.

They’re better at gathering nutrients.

Another advantage of their well developed root systems, perennials are often able to access nutrients from deep in the soil that annuals cannot. Perennials help bring these to the surface for them and the plants around them.

They improve soil structure.

Their root systems even help improve soil structure which helps not only them but any annuals that you grow near them. The soil health also improves because it’s not being disturbed each year. Nutrients are added through a top down system as parts of the plant die back or you add mulch around them. This process is just like what happens in a natural ecosystem.

How to Get Perennials

Perennials don’t have to be expensive! Browsing catalogs and visiting your local garden store can lead you to the impression that a garden full of perennials is going to be an expensive one. It’s doesn’t have to be though. Many perennial plants are easy to start from seed or divisions from existing plants which can sometimes be acquired for free or cheaply from friends, neighbors, or your local garden club. Ask around!

Southern Exposure Seed Exchange offers many perennial plants and seeds that can get you started without a big investment. Below are just a few of the perennials SESE offers that are easy to add to your garden.

Chives

Adding a lot of flavor with little effort, chives are super hardy, beautiful, and easy to grow. Plus once yours get established it’s easy to divide your plants and they make a great gift.

Rhubarb

Though not a true fruit, rhubarb is the first fruit like food you’ll be able to get locally each spring. While many garden centers only sell rhubarb plants they’re actually quite easy to grow from seed. You can find a great post on growing rhubarb here.

Perennial Onions

For some, growing a patch of perennial onions is enough to supply all their onion needs without having to start tons of onions from seed each year.

Thyme

Thyme makes and excellent perennial ground cover with the added benefit of smelling nice and being edible.

Salad Burnet

Often said to taste like cucumber, salad burnet will come up early and feed you long before any actual cucumbers will be available.

Ginseng

A highly sought after medicinal, ginseng takes awhile to grow but is well worth the wait!

Sage

Sage is both edible and medicinal and simple to grow from seed.

Oregano

On top of being a commonly used culinary herb, oregano’s small white flowers also do a great job of attracting pollinators.

Garden Huckleberry

These dark blue berries are one of the few berries that are easy to grow from seed and they make excellent jam. You can read more about them here.

Echinacea

This flower has a lot going for it. Echinacea is not only beautiful but a great species for attracting pollinators and it’s highly medicinal.

Lemon Balm

As a member of the mint family, lemon balm gets established and spreads so easily you may actually want to make an effort to keep it contained.

Don’t be afraid to add a few perennials to your garden this year. They’re quite affordable and have many benefits. Even if you decide you need to change your garden layout most can be transplanted without harm later on.

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12 Varieties Perfect for Container Gardening

Don’t let a small space ruin your garden dreams! Even if you just have a small balcony you can grow a decent amount of your own fresh produce and flowers in containers. Southern Exposure offers many varieties that are well suited to container gardening.

Yellow Pear Cherry Tomato

This cherry tomato is very productive and heat resistant but is prone to cracking if not watered consistently. It would do well in a container situation where it gets consistent attention. The Yellow Pear Cherry Tomato is adorable and excellent for fresh eating or preserves. It may need additional support as it grows.

Many tomatoes particularly smaller cherry varieties can be grown in containers with proper care. Just make sure you use a fairly large container and have a way to support large plants.

Lemon Gem Signet Marigold

Offering both beauty and food this marigold is a great choice for container gardeners. Its petals and leaves are edible and it is fairly small. It can be grown closer together than many other marigold varieties. Marigolds also help repel a variety of pests.

Other marigold varieties may also be grown in pots.

Spicy Bush Basil

Herbs are an excellent way to get your money’s worth from a small space. Spicy bush basil is a miniature basil plant (8-12in.) that’s very aromatic and grows well in containers.

Rainbow Swiss Chard

Rainbow chard is a great choice for containers for several reasons. First it’s a hardy green that won’t bolt like lettuce and spinach as soon as the weather gets hot. Second it keeps producing for continuous harvests. Lastly it’s gorgeous and adds a lot of interest and color to any small garden.

Chives

They’re super easy to grow and well suited to container gardening. Chives add a lot of flavor with little effort and can even be grown indoors.

Misato Rose Radish

Many radishes are suitable for container gardening because they’re relatively small and have short growing periods. Misato Rose Radishes are a particularly good choice because they’re very forgiving and will still bulb properly even if crowded or thinned late.

Table Queen Bush (Acorn) Squash

If your heart is dead set on having a winter squash consider the Table Queen Bush Squash which takes up far less space than other winter squash varieties.

Chantenay Red Core Carrots

These carrots adapt to a wide range of soil conditions. They’re blocky with a blunt tip (5 1/2in. long and 2 1/2in. at the shoulder).

Dark Green Italian Parsley

Most parsley is excellent for container gardening because it’s small and hardy. Dark Green Italian is often considered the best flavored variety.

Jewel Nasturtium

Easy to grow, even in containers, Jewel Nasturtiums are both beautiful and edible!

Heavenly Blue Morning Glory

If you have space to set up a trellis and want to add some height and beauty to your container garden Heavenly Blue Morning Glories are a wonderful choice. They’re fast growing with lovely 4 inch flowers.

Chinese Five-Color Hot Pepper

This pepper is very ornamental with fiery hot fruits. Its small size makes it well suited to container planting.

Tips for Container Gardening Success

  • If you need to give your crops an extra boost try watering with compost tea. Unlike chemical fertilizers compost tea won’t cause salt to build up in the soil and will keep your potting soil healthier for a longer period of time.
  • Make sure you use and actual potting mix instead of just garden soil which will pack down and be hard for roots and water to penetrate.
  • While it can be tempting to use any container you can scrounge up you should try to use safe containers that won’t leach especially if you’re growing food crops. For example you may want to opt for food safe plastics or avoid plastic altogether and use ceramic. Also make sure anything painted or glazed is lead-free.

These are just a few examples of varieties that can be grown in containers. Don’t let a small space stop you from growing your own food! If these varieties don’t appeal to you it’s definitely worth playing around with others. Often it’s best to choose smaller varieties as they will be more productive in a container setting and easier to manage.

What varieties have you grown in containers?

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How to Make the Most of Fresh Garden Produce

If you’re anything like me it’s absolutely devastating to see any of your garden produce go to waste. When we grow our own food we’re tied to it from the moment the first seed is plunged into the soil. Unlike produce off the grocery stores shelves that seems to magically reappear, no work involved, we cannot ignore the hard work that went into our backyard produce. We become much more aware of the all the work, the sowing, weeding, watering, harvesting, that goes into each individual carrot.

On a side note perhaps if the world had more growers, more people who still had a connection to the land, we’d be less likely to waste any morsel of food no matter who grew it.

Even with all the best intentions it can be hard to use up the harvest from even a modest size garden. Chances even if you cook from scratch a lot your family has a collection of recipes that you rotate through fairly often and not all of them are going to be great for using seasonal produce. Really using the products of a garden can take a lot work. Hopefully these tips make it a bit easier.

Succession Planting

One of the best ways to avoid the produce overwhelm is to plant in successions. Check out our succession planting post to avoid getting slammed with all your vegetables at once.

Invest in a Good Cookbook

More specially, find a cookbook that actually focuses on seasonal, local eating. Typical cookbooks have a jumble ingredients from all over the world and all different seasons all smashed into a single meal. If you want to make the most of your harvest finding a cookbook that focuses on making local produce the star of the meal is the way to go.

Southern Exposure offers several books with seasonal recipes like, Winter Foods by Brett Grohsgal and Julia Shanks or Southern Provisions: The Creation and Revival of a Cuisine by David S. Shields. There are many others out there as well. Chefs like Alice Waters and José Andrés are advocating for local eating and many have cookbooks to help people put local foods back on the table.

Create a Collection of Recipes

Don’t scramble last minute. While there’s still little produce coming out of the ground collect recipes you think your family will enjoy that use seasonal produce. I like to write mine on notecards but this could be as simple as saving recipes to a file on your computer. Growing a lot of green beans? Look up some green bean recipes. When you’ve got buckets full of beans in your kitchen all you need to do is flip through your recipes for some easy meals.

Seasonal recipes can be found on the SESE blog throughout the year.

Learn to Be Flexible/Use Flexible Recipes

In our house we have several meals that make it easy to use whatever in season. Year round we eat homemade pizza almost once a week. In the spring it’s topped with fresh baby greens, green onions, and maybe even some morels if we’re lucky. A little later we’ll be topping it with broccoli, then peppers and tomatoes and fresh garlic as the season goes on. In the dead of winter we’ll use dried tomatoes, frozen greens, stored onions and garlic, and sometimes peppers we put up during the summer. Other examples of these flexible recipes include:

  • Pot Pie – Take any pot pie recipe and swap in some seasonal veggies, peas in the spring, broccoli, then green beans later in the year.
  • Stir fry – Whatever veggies you have on hand lightly fried with a protein source, some seasonings, and soy sauce served over a bed of rice.
  • Shepard’s Pie – A layer of protein (we often use lentils), a layer of veggies (carrots, onions, peas, green beans, sweet corn, etc.) followed by a layer of gravy then a layer of potatoes.
  • Minestrone – Dry beans, season vegetables, stock, and seasoning.

Having simple go to recipes that you can add a variety of vegetables is a great way to avoid cooking burn out. Always trying new recipes can be a handful but a few basic ones can save you on those hectic evenings. Shepard’s Pie, Pot Pie, Minestrone can also be made ahead of time and frozen for later use.

Try to Plan Your Meals at Least a Week in Advance

This one can be tough especially if you’re a new gardener but gardens are more predictable than you think. When I harvest our first few cherry tomatoes I know that by next week we’ll probably be flooded with them and I can select recipes ahead of time and make sure I have other ingredients that go with them on hand. This also helps save money because we’re not constantly running into the grocery store for easy last minute meals which lets be honest usually means processed unhealthy meals as well.

Preserving the Extra

No matter how much you eat fresh there will probably be extra. While some prefer to give any extra away it’s a great idea to put some up for winter. Here’s some tips to help much sure you’ll use what you put up.

  • When preserving food put it up in the size containers you’ll actually use up at one time. If you live alone and cook small meals don’t pressure can your green beans in quart jars opt for pints instead to avoid waste.
  • Don’t put up tons of food you’re not sure you’ll like. Want to try pickled beets? Awesome can a few pints to try and then freeze or store the rest in your root cellar. If you find you and you’re family will gladly eat a ton of them you can do more next year.
  • Keep a list of all the food you have in storage. Reviewing this list before planning meals for the week is an excellent way to make sure you include them in your meals.

There’s so many benefits to growing your own food. You’ll save money, eat better, and reduce your environmental impact but you won’t reap any of these benefits if you don’t actually eat what you grow. Unless you just have a few container plants planning on eating fresh salads isn’t good enough. A single tomato plant can yell 30 pounds of tomatoes! Succession plant, find seasonal recipes, meal plan, and put up extra to make the most of your garden this year.

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Saving the Past for the Future